It seems Oracle has lost all interest in its on-premises software. I’ve noticed this with other features and behaviour changes, this is just a small example.
Remember the article about DBCA silent installation? I mentioned the following:

• Controlfiles are not multiplexed to different paths as specified. First given path is used for all controlfile members (SR is "Work In Progress")

Last Thursday, after 3+ month, my Service Request has finally been updated with an answer. They’ve changed DBCA to ignore the <ControlfileAttributes> section and the CONTROL_FILES “initParam” value unless you specify “-honorControlFileInitParam” argument. This argument does not show in the dbca help “dbca -createDatabase -help” nor is it anywhere in the documentation – how I’m I supposed to know?. And this is what bugs me the most: Oracle 12.2 on-premises is out now for quite a while but it seems that the documentation has not been updated in many places. Guess that’s how it’s gonna be from now on 🙁

I’ve been playing with Oracle 12.2 lately, which also means I do lots of silent installations of it :-).
I don’t know why I just put a smiley there because there was nothing funny about it! Troubleshooting DBCA errors, combing through logs, and raising service requests with Oracle Support almost sucked the joy out of the new 12.2 release.

That’s what I’ve stumbled upon:

• DBCA parameter "-variables" is not processed correctly. Oracle has acknowledge this as bug 25353173. Workaround: put name=value list in a file and use "-variablesFile <path-to-file>"
• Controlfiles are not multiplexed to different paths as specified. First given path is used for all controlfile members (SR is "Work In Progress")
• Specifying <initParam name="os_authent_prefix" value=""/> results in parameter to be set to "ops$". In 12.2 you have to specify the single quotes '' like this: <initParam name="os_authent_prefix" value="''"/>. If you want an empty value for a parameter you better set it in ''. (*)
• Maybe not a bug but still annoying: specify DB_UNIQUE_NAME different from DB_NAME and your file paths will be appended with it.

* actually, the new way makes more sense to me as it is closer to the way you set empty values in ALTER SYSTEM/SESSION SET statement.

Anyway, enough with the rambling. I will show now how I setup my lab systems.

To be flexible with automation we set a few variables that are later used to feed input to DBCA. You can modify these according to your needs and environment.

NEW_ORACLE_SID=DEV1
NEW_DB_NAME=DEV1
NEW_DB_DOMAIN=localdomain
NEW_DB_CHARSET=AL32UTF8
NEW_SYS_PWD=manager
NEW_SYSTEM_PWD=manager
NEW_REDO_SIZE_MB=256

INIT_CMPA=DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING
INIT_COMPATIBLE=12.2.0.0
INIT_OFE=12.2.0.1
INIT_PGA_AGG_TGT_MB=512
INIT_PROCESSES=200
INIT_SGA_TGT_MB=4096
INIT_CPU_COUNT=4

NEW_DATA_PATH1=/u02/oradata/${NEW_DB_NAME}
NEW_REDO_PATH1=/u02/oradata/${NEW_DB_NAME}
NEW_REDO_PATH2=/u03/oradata/${NEW_DB_NAME}
NEW_ARCH_PATH1=/u04/oradata/${NEW_DB_NAME}

NEW_REDO_PATH1 and NEW_REDO_PATH2 will be used for multiplexing online redo-logs as well as controlfiles. The rest of the variables should be self-explanatory.

You don’t have to modify following variables as they are “calculated” values.

NEW_DB_UNIQUE_NAME=${NEW_DB_NAME}
NEW_GLOBAL_DBNAME=${NEW_DB_NAME}.${NEW_DB_DOMAIN}
INIT_PGA_AGG_TGT=$((${INIT_PGA_AGG_TGT_MB} * 1024 * 1024))
INIT_SGA_TGT=$((${INIT_SGA_TGT_MB} * 1024 * 1024))
INIT_LISTENER_REG=LISTENER_${NEW_DB_NAME}

Just make sure you have a listener running with the name specified in INIT_LISTENER_REG.

Now, because of bug 25353173 we must put what we’d normally feed to "-variables" into a file:

echo "DATA_PATH1=${NEW_DATA_PATH1}" >  /tmp/dbca-vars.txt
echo "REDO_PATH1=${NEW_REDO_PATH1}" >> /tmp/dbca-vars.txt
echo "REDO_PATH2=${NEW_REDO_PATH2}" >> /tmp/dbca-vars.txt
echo "ARCH_PATH1=${NEW_ARCH_PATH1}" >> /tmp/dbca-vars.txt

Before we can run DBCA we need to prepare a template. I like to prepare a template that contains placeholders and everything else that I define static. This way I define one single template and can reuse it for all kinds of deployments.
I know it’s awfully long but you can skip reading the template if you just want to go ahead and create the database.
Save this as /tmp/dbca-newdb-linux.dbt

<DatabaseTemplate name="New Database" description="" version="12.2.0.1.0">
   <CommonAttributes>
      <option name="OMS" value="false"/>
      <option name="JSERVER" value="false"/>
      <option name="SPATIAL" value="false"/>
      <option name="IMEDIA" value="false"/>
      <option name="ORACLE_TEXT" value="false">
         <tablespace id="SYSAUX"/>
      </option>
      <option name="CWMLITE" value="false">
         <tablespace id="SYSAUX"/>
      </option>
      <option name="SAMPLE_SCHEMA" value="false"/>
      <option name="APEX" value="false"/>
      <option name="DV" value="false"/>
   </CommonAttributes>
   <Variables/>
   <CustomScripts Execute="false"/>
   <InitParamAttributes>
      <InitParams>
         <initParam name="autotask_max_active_pdbs" value="1"/>
         <initParam name="awr_pdb_autoflush_enabled" value="true"/>
         <initParam name="awr_snapshot_time_offset" value="1000000"/>
         <initParam name="commit_logging" value="IMMEDIATE"/>
         <initParam name="commit_wait" value="WAIT"/>
         <initParam name="containers_parallel_degree" value="2"/>
         <initParam name="control_files" value="(&quot;{DATA_PATH1}/ctrl-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf&quot;, &quot;{REDO_PATH1}/ctrl-002-{DB_NAME}.dbf&quot;, &quot;{REDO_PATH2}/ctrl-003-{DB_NAME}.dbf&quot;)"/>
         <initParam name="control_file_record_keep_time" value="35"/>
         <initParam name="cursor_invalidation" value="DEFERRED"/>
         <initParam name="db_block_checking" value="MEDIUM"/>
         <initParam name="db_block_checksum" value="FULL"/>
         <initParam name="db_block_size" value="8" unit="KB"/>
         <initParam name="db_files" value="100"/>
         <initParam name="db_flashback_retention_target" value="1440"/>  
         <initParam name="db_securefile" value="ALWAYS"/>
         <initParam name="deferred_segment_creation" value="FALSE"/>
         <initParam name="dg_broker_config_file1" value="{ORACLE_BASE}/admin/{DB_NAME}/instance/dr-001-{DB_NAME}.dat"/>
         <initParam name="dg_broker_config_file2" value="{ORACLE_BASE}/admin/{DB_NAME}/instance/dr-002-{DB_NAME}.dat"/>
         <initParam name="diagnostic_dest" value="{ORACLE_BASE}/adr"/>
         <initParam name="dispatchers" value="''"/>
         <initParam name="enable_pluggable_database" value="TRUE"/>
         <initParam name="filesystemio_options" value="SETALL"/>
         <initParam name="inmemory_adg_enabled" value="FALSE"/>
         <initParam name="inmemory_force" value="OFF"/>
         <initParam name="inmemory_query" value="DISABLE"/>
         <initParam name="inmemory_size" value="0"/>
         <initParam name="log_archive_dest_1" value="LOCATION={ARCH_PATH1}"/>
         <initParam name="log_archive_dest_state_1" value="ENABLE"/>
         <initParam name="log_archive_format" value="{DB_NAME}-%t-%s-%r.arc"/>
         <initParam name="max_pdbs" value="1"/>
         <initParam name="nls_language" value="AMERICAN"/>
         <initParam name="nls_nchar_conv_excp" value="TRUE"/>
         <initParam name="nls_territory" value="AMERICA"/>
         <initParam name="open_cursors" value="300"/>
         <initParam name="os_authent_prefix" value="''"/>
         <initParam name="parallel_min_servers" value="0"/>
         <initParam name="remote_listener" value="''"/>
         <initParam name="shared_servers" value="0"/>
         <initParam name="temp_undo_enabled" value="TRUE"/>
         <initParam name="undo_retention" value="1800"/>
         <initParam name="undo_tablespace" value="UNDOTS"/>
         <initParam name="uniform_log_timestamp_format" value="TRUE"/>
      </InitParams>
      <MiscParams>
         <databaseType>MULTIPURPOSE</databaseType>
         <maxUserConn>20</maxUserConn>
         <percentageMemTOSGA>40</percentageMemTOSGA>
         <archiveLogMode>true</archiveLogMode>
         <initParamFileName>{ORACLE_BASE}/admin/{DB_NAME}/create/init.ora</initParamFileName>
      </MiscParams>
      <SPfile useSPFile="true">{ORACLE_BASE}/admin/{DB_NAME}/instance/spfile{SID}.ora</SPfile>
   </InitParamAttributes>
   <StorageAttributes>
      <ControlfileAttributes id="Controlfile">
         <maxDatafiles>100</maxDatafiles>
         <maxLogfiles>16</maxLogfiles>
         <maxLogMembers>3</maxLogMembers>
         <maxLogHistory>1</maxLogHistory>
         <maxInstances>8</maxInstances>
         <image name="ctrl-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf" filepath="{DATA_PATH1}/"/>
         <image name="ctrl-002-{DB_NAME}.dbf" filepath="{REDO_PATH1}/"/>
         <image name="ctrl-003-{DB_NAME}.dbf" filepath="{REDO_PATH2}/"/>
      </ControlfileAttributes>
      <DatafileAttributes id="{DATA_PATH1}/sysaux-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf">
         <tablespace>SYSAUX</tablespace>
         <temporary>false</temporary>
         <online>true</online>
         <status>0</status>
         <size unit="MB">256</size>
         <reuse>true</reuse>
         <autoExtend>true</autoExtend>
         <increment unit="KB">8192</increment>
         <maxSize unit="MB">4096</maxSize>
      </DatafileAttributes>
      <DatafileAttributes id="{DATA_PATH1}/toolts-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf">
         <tablespace>TOOLTS</tablespace>
         <temporary>false</temporary>
         <online>true</online>
         <status>0</status>
         <size unit="MB">56</size>
         <reuse>true</reuse>
         <autoExtend>true</autoExtend>
         <increment unit="KB">4096</increment>
         <maxSize unit="MB">2048</maxSize>
      </DatafileAttributes>
      <DatafileAttributes id="{DATA_PATH1}/system-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf">
         <tablespace>SYSTEM</tablespace>
         <temporary>false</temporary>
         <online>true</online>
         <status>0</status>
         <size unit="MB">1024</size>
         <reuse>true</reuse>
         <autoExtend>true</autoExtend>
         <increment unit="KB">8192</increment>
         <maxSize unit="MB">4096</maxSize>
      </DatafileAttributes>
      <DatafileAttributes id="{DATA_PATH1}/tempts-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf">
         <tablespace>TEMPTS</tablespace>
         <temporary>false</temporary>
         <online>true</online>
         <status>0</status>
         <size unit="MB">128</size>
         <reuse>true</reuse>
         <autoExtend>true</autoExtend>
         <increment unit="KB">2048</increment>
         <maxSize unit="MB">8192</maxSize>
      </DatafileAttributes>
      <DatafileAttributes id="{DATA_PATH1}/undots-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf">
         <tablespace>UNDOTBS1</tablespace>
         <temporary>false</temporary>
         <online>true</online>
         <status>0</status>
         <size unit="MB">512</size>
         <reuse>true</reuse>
         <autoExtend>true</autoExtend>
         <increment unit="KB">2028</increment>
         <maxSize unit="MB">8192</maxSize>
      </DatafileAttributes>
      <TablespaceAttributes id="SYSAUX">
         <online>true</online>
         <offlineMode>1</offlineMode>
         <readOnly>false</readOnly>
         <temporary>false</temporary>
         <defaultTemp>false</defaultTemp>
         <undo>false</undo>
         <local>true</local>
         <blockSize>-1</blockSize>
         <allocation>1</allocation>
         <uniAllocSize unit="KB">-1</uniAllocSize>
         <initSize unit="KB">64</initSize>
         <increment unit="KB">64</increment>
         <incrementPercent>50</incrementPercent>
         <minExtends>1</minExtends>
         <maxExtends>4096</maxExtends>
         <minExtendsSize unit="KB">64</minExtendsSize>
         <logging>true</logging>
         <recoverable>false</recoverable>
         <maxFreeSpace>0</maxFreeSpace>
         <bigfile>false</bigfile>
         <datafilesList>
            <TablespaceDatafileAttributes id="{DATA_PATH1}/sysaux-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf"/>
         </datafilesList>
      </TablespaceAttributes>
      <TablespaceAttributes id="TOOLTS">
         <online>true</online>
         <offlineMode>1</offlineMode>
         <readOnly>false</readOnly>
         <temporary>false</temporary>
         <defaultTemp>false</defaultTemp>
         <undo>false</undo>
         <local>true</local>
         <blockSize>-1</blockSize>
         <allocation>1</allocation>
         <uniAllocSize unit="KB">-1</uniAllocSize>
         <initSize unit="KB">128</initSize>
         <increment unit="KB">128</increment>
         <incrementPercent>0</incrementPercent>
         <minExtends>1</minExtends>
         <maxExtends>4096</maxExtends>
         <minExtendsSize unit="KB">128</minExtendsSize>
         <logging>true</logging>
         <recoverable>false</recoverable>
         <maxFreeSpace>0</maxFreeSpace>
         <bigfile>false</bigfile>
         <datafilesList>
            <TablespaceDatafileAttributes id="{DATA_PATH1}/toolts-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf"/>
         </datafilesList>
      </TablespaceAttributes>
      <TablespaceAttributes id="SYSTEM">
         <online>true</online>
         <offlineMode>1</offlineMode>
         <readOnly>false</readOnly>
         <temporary>false</temporary>
         <defaultTemp>false</defaultTemp>
         <undo>false</undo>
         <local>true</local>
         <blockSize>-1</blockSize>
         <allocation>3</allocation>
         <uniAllocSize unit="KB">-1</uniAllocSize>
         <initSize unit="KB">64</initSize>
         <increment unit="KB">64</increment>
         <incrementPercent>50</incrementPercent>
         <minExtends>1</minExtends>
         <maxExtends>-1</maxExtends>
         <minExtendsSize unit="KB">64</minExtendsSize>
         <logging>true</logging>
         <recoverable>false</recoverable>
         <maxFreeSpace>0</maxFreeSpace>
         <bigfile>false</bigfile>
         <datafilesList>
            <TablespaceDatafileAttributes id="{DATA_PATH1}/system-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf"/>
         </datafilesList>
      </TablespaceAttributes>
      <TablespaceAttributes id="TEMPTS">
         <online>true</online>
         <offlineMode>1</offlineMode>
         <readOnly>false</readOnly>
         <temporary>true</temporary>
         <defaultTemp>true</defaultTemp>
         <undo>false</undo>
         <local>true</local>
         <blockSize>-1</blockSize>
         <allocation>1</allocation>
         <uniAllocSize unit="KB">1012</uniAllocSize>
         <initSize unit="KB">64</initSize>
         <increment unit="KB">64</increment>
         <incrementPercent>0</incrementPercent>
         <minExtends>1</minExtends>
         <maxExtends>0</maxExtends>
         <minExtendsSize unit="KB">64</minExtendsSize>
         <logging>true</logging>
         <recoverable>false</recoverable>
         <maxFreeSpace>0</maxFreeSpace>
         <bigfile>false</bigfile>
         <datafilesList>
            <TablespaceDatafileAttributes id="{DATA_PATH1}/tempts-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf"/>
         </datafilesList>
      </TablespaceAttributes>
      <TablespaceAttributes id="UNDOTS">
         <online>true</online>
         <offlineMode>1</offlineMode>
         <readOnly>false</readOnly>
         <temporary>false</temporary>
         <defaultTemp>false</defaultTemp>
         <undo>true</undo>
         <local>true</local>
         <blockSize>-1</blockSize>
         <allocation>1</allocation>
         <uniAllocSize unit="KB">-1</uniAllocSize>
         <initSize unit="KB">512</initSize>
         <increment unit="KB">512</increment>
         <incrementPercent>50</incrementPercent>
         <minExtends>8</minExtends>
         <maxExtends>4096</maxExtends>
         <minExtendsSize unit="KB">512</minExtendsSize>
         <logging>true</logging>
         <recoverable>false</recoverable>
         <maxFreeSpace>0</maxFreeSpace>
         <bigfile>false</bigfile>
         <datafilesList>
            <TablespaceDatafileAttributes id="{DATA_PATH1}/undots-001-{DB_NAME}.dbf"/>
         </datafilesList>
      </TablespaceAttributes>
      <RedoLogGroupAttributes id="1">
         <reuse>false</reuse>
         <fileSize unit="KB">204800</fileSize>
         <Thread>1</Thread>
         <member ordinal="0" memberName="redo-g1-m1-{DB_NAME}.dbf" filepath="{REDO_PATH1}/"/>
         <member ordinal="1" memberName="redo-g1-m2-{DB_NAME}.log" filepath="{REDO_PATH2}/"/>
      </RedoLogGroupAttributes>
      <RedoLogGroupAttributes id="2">
         <reuse>false</reuse>
         <fileSize unit="KB">204800</fileSize>
         <Thread>1</Thread>
         <member ordinal="0" memberName="redo-g2-m1-{DB_NAME}.dbf" filepath="{REDO_PATH1}/"/>
         <member ordinal="1" memberName="redo-g2-m2-{DB_NAME}.log" filepath="{REDO_PATH2}/"/>
      </RedoLogGroupAttributes>
      <RedoLogGroupAttributes id="3">
         <reuse>false</reuse>
         <fileSize unit="KB">204800</fileSize>
         <Thread>1</Thread>
         <member ordinal="0" memberName="redo-g3-m1-{DB_NAME}.dbf" filepath="{REDO_PATH1}/"/>
         <member ordinal="1" memberName="redo-g3-m2-{DB_NAME}.log" filepath="{REDO_PATH2}/"/>
      </RedoLogGroupAttributes>
   </StorageAttributes>
</DatabaseTemplate>

We’re now ready to create the database by calling DBCA:

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_BASE}/product/ora12201
export PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/bin:${PATH}

${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/dbca -silent -createDatabase \
  -templateName "/tmp/dbca-newdb-linux.dbt" \
  -gdbName "${NEW_GLOBAL_DBNAME}" \
  -characterSet "${NEW_DB_CHARSET}" \
  -createAsContainerDatabase "true" \
  -databaseConfigType SINGLE \
  -dbOptions "ORACLE_TEXT:true" \
  -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
  -dvConfiguration "false" \
  -emConfiguration "NONE" \
  -enableArchive "true" \
  -archiveLogDest "${NEW_ARCH_PATH1}" \
  -listeners "${INIT_LISTENER_REG}" \
  -nationalCharacterSet "AL16UTF16" \
  -olsConfiguration "false" \
  -recoveryAreaDestination "NONE" \
  -redoLogFileSize "${NEW_REDO_SIZE_MB}" \
  -registerWithDirService "false" \
  -sampleSchema "false" \
  -sid "${NEW_ORACLE_SID}" \
  -sysPassword "${NEW_SYS_PWD}" \
  -systemPassword "${NEW_SYSTEM_PWD}" \
  -useOMF "false" \
  -variablesFile /tmp/dbca-vars.txt \
  -initParams "compatible=${INIT_COMPATIBLE},control_management_pack_access=${INIT_CMPA},db_domain=${NEW_DB_DOMAIN},db_name=${NEW_DB_NAME},db_unique_name=${NEW_DB_UNIQUE_NAME},local_listener=${INIT_LISTENER_REG},optimizer_features_enable=${INIT_OFE},pga_aggregate_target=${INIT_PGA_AGG_TGT},processes=${INIT_PROCESSES},sga_target=${INIT_SGA_TGT}"

Couple of things to note:

• This will create an empty CDB
• The template specifies not to install all the options. In this example I’ve chosen I want to install Oracle Text
• The database will be in archivelog mode
• Because of a bug, the controlfiles are not be multiplexed. You have to correct this manually after DBCA finishes
• The DBCA can be extremely flexible by using variables (placeholders in template)
• A lot can be configured via DBCA but not everything. E.g. I like most DB’s running in FORCE LOGGING mode
• It never hurts to run "dbca -silent -<command> -h" to see what it can do

It’s been years since I last used a GUI to install Oracle software or create a database with DBCA. Sometimes it is baffling to see Word documents with dozens of screenshots showing how to setup Oracle at customer sites. In my opinion, showing the silent mode call (of OUI, DBCA, etc.) in the documentation is all you need. One single page, that’s it. OK, if you want to split hairs, the DBCA .dbt file is multiple pages in the appendix :-).
Knowing all this silent mode stuff will really make your life easier when it comes to automation. Think of Chef, Puppet, Ansible and what not. Even dockerized Oracle is now all the rage.

In this post we start with the Oracle software installation.

First we specify some environment variables to tell what and where to extract the Oracle software zips:

export ORA_SW_TMP=/tmp/oraswtmp                                # that is where the Oracle zip files will be extracted to
export ORA_ZIP_1=/tmp/p21419221_121020_Linux-x86-64_1of10.zip  # zip one of the Oracle database software
export ORA_ZIP_2=/tmp/p21419221_121020_Linux-x86-64_2of10.zip  # zip two of the Oracle database software

Then we specify some well known Oracle environment variables:

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=$(hostname)
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_BASE}/product/ora12102
export INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

Extracting the Oracle zips:

mkdir ${ORA_SW_TMP}
unzip ${ORA_ZIP_1} -d ${ORA_SW_TMP}
unzip ${ORA_ZIP_2} -d ${ORA_SW_TMP}

Run the installer in silent mode:

${ORA_SW_TMP}/database/runInstaller -silent -waitforcompletion \
  oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
  ORACLE_HOSTNAME="${ORACLE_HOSTNAME}" \
  UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
  INVENTORY_LOCATION="${INVENTORY_LOCATION}" \
  SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en \
  ORACLE_HOME="${ORACLE_HOME}" \
  ORACLE_BASE="${ORACLE_BASE}" \
  oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
  oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba \
  oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper \
  oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=backupdba \
  oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dgdba \
  oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=kmdba \
  DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

Run the Oracle root scripts:

sudo ${INVENTORY_LOCATION}/orainstRoot.sh
sudo ${ORACLE_HOME}/root.sh

Go grab a coffe.
Then, put that in a shell script and you’re all set.

P.s. this also works on Windows, just with slighlty different parameters.

set ORACLE_HOSTNAME=%HOSTNAME%
set ORACLE_BASE=D:\app\oracle
set ORACLE_HOME=%ORACLE_BASE%\product\ora12102
set INVENTORY_LOCATION=C:\app\oraInventory
set ORA_HOME_USER=spotonoracle\OracleSA$    # use Group Managed Service Account otherwise you also have to provide a password

.\setup.exe -silent -waitforcompletion ^
  oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ^
  ORACLE_HOSTNAME="%ORACLE_HOSTNAME%" ^
  INVENTORY_LOCATION="%INVENTORY_LOCATION%" ^
  SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en ^
  ORACLE_HOME="%ORACLE_HOME%" ^
  ORACLE_BASE="%ORACLE_BASE%" ^
  oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE ^
  oracle.install.IsBuiltInAccount=false ^
  oracle.install.OracleHomeUserName="%ORA_HOME_USER%" ^
  DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true